Profile Analysis Tensiometers
Advanced instruments for surface and interfacial characterization.
Scientific Library
Contact Angle &Wetting
Thermodynamics of three-phase contact, contact-angle hysteresis, rough-surface wetting and experimental methods for solid–liquid interfaces.
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Thermodynamic foundations, contact-line behavior and wetting on real solid surfaces.
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Three-phase interfacial systems
Contact angle isa system property.
A contact angle is not an intrinsic property of a solid alone. It describes a particular solid–liquid–vapor system under a defined preparation history and measurement protocol. Interfacial free energies, surface heterogeneity, roughness and contact-line pinning determine the experimentally observed wetting state.
Complete Scientific Review
Contact Angle &Wetting
Read the complete scientific review covering the thermodynamics of three-phase contact, sessile-drop analysis, advancing and receding contact angles, contact-line hysteresis, surface free energy, rough-surface wetting, plate immersion, Washburn analysis and dynamic wetting by surfactant solutions.
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Thermodynamics andreal-surface wetting.
Explore selected concepts governing contact angle, contact-line motion and apparent wetting on ideal and rough solid surfaces.
01Thermodynamics
Young’s Equation & Contact Angle
The equilibrium relation between solid–vapor, solid–liquid and liquid–vapor interfacial tensions at the three-phase contact line.
02Contact-Line Behavior
Advancing, Receding & Hysteresis
Advancing and receding contact angles, contact-line pinning and the metastable range observed on real solid surfaces.
03Rough-Surface Wetting
Wenzel & Cassie–Baxter Wetting
Limiting wetting states for rough and composite surfaces, including complete penetration and trapped-gas configurations.
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