Science ofinterfaces.

Physical principles governing liquid–gas and liquid–liquid interfaces. Explore the molecular origin of surface tension, the Young–Laplace equation and established experimental methods for quantitative interfacial characterization.

Time-dependent evolution of newly created interfaces. Study adsorption kinetics, diffusion-controlled transport and experimental approaches for rapidly changing liquid surfaces.

Mechanical properties of liquid interfaces under controlled deformation. Investigate elasticity, viscosity and adsorption-layer dynamics using oscillatory and shear measurement techniques.

Fundamental principles of wetting and liquid–solid interactions. Contact angle analysis provides quantitative information about surface wettability, cleanliness and surface free energy.

Experimental characterization of foam formation, drainage and stability. Investigate the interfacial processes governing foam structure, liquid-film behavior and coalescence.

Formation, drainage and rupture of microscopic liquid films separating bubbles or emulsion droplets. Explore pressure-balance techniques, interferometric thickness measurements and film-stability analysis.